Friday 31 July 2015

54:Inferno

Before Watching

On the Doctor Who Story Reputation Exchange, this is a story whose stock has quietly risen over the decades, so much so that it is now reputed by fandom generally as a classic story.

At the risk of sounding a bit like a stuck record, being as this is a season 7 story, I have precious few memories of actually watching it. I felt the same with both “The Silurians” and “The Ambassadors of Death”, and with both of them there were moments of sudden recognition which triggered memories , and I’m sure that this is going to happen as I watch “Inferno”. By many accounts, “Inferno” is something of an end of an era. This is an odd thing to say considering that the era only really started with “Spearhead from Space” at the start of the season, or possibly with “The Invasion” in season 6 if you like. From the start of season 8, though, Barry Letts is in full charge at the helm in the Producer’s seat, and the argument goes that he took the show in completely different direction from the template that had been set in season 7, or if not the template, at least the tone and style. Well, we’ll have to make our own judgements about that as we watch seasons 8 through 11. For the meantime, though, it’s “Inferno”. Right, allow me to once more play the ‘in a nutshell’ game, as I take one minute to write down all I recall now about “Inferno”. Ready – set – go – Don Houghton, parallel universe – hairy werewolf men – Brigadier with an eyepatch and no moustache – great big drill.

Can’t wait.

After Watching

Having watched in their entirety three out of the 4 stories of season 7, I think I may just now be starting to form a hypothesis why I remembered “Spearhead from Space” so much more clearly than the other three stories. It’s a 4 parter while the other stories are all 7 parters. It has a couple of hooks as well – the new Doctor’s first appearance, and wanting to know what he was going to be like – and the Autons bursting out of John Saunders’ window. For the other three stories, though, I think the point was that I probably just didn’t quite get them. I was only 5 or 6 when I watched them, after all, and this season has been pitched quite a bit higher than even a pretty intelligent six year old.

This is as true of “Inferno” as it is of the previous three stories. You could argue that there is a certain formula at work here. The Doctor shows up at a research centre where UNIT have been called in to provide security/troubleshoot. It was the space centre in the previous story, and the cyclotron at Wenley Moor before that. Now it’s Professor Stahlman’s project to drill through the Earth’s crust to the Mohorovicic Discontinuity between the crust and the mantle, where he believes he will be able to tap a remarkable gas which will solve all of humanity’s energy needs. The basic problems with this project are : -
a) it releases some rather vivid green goo which turns human beings into virtually invulnerable primordial wolfmen who kill people because they don’t know any better
b) once they break through the crust it is going to release forces that will destroy the Earth.
Pretty serious drawbacks really, when all things are considered.

Somewhat surprisingly the Doctor doesn’t seem all that bothered, although he has worked out that the computer is telling them all that destruction will be the inevitable consequence if the drilling continues. No, he’s far more interested in hooking up the TARDIS console, which he has had brought to a hut on the grounds of the research facility, to the project’s nuclear reactor. Here’s a funny thing as well. The TARDIS console had always been light green, since on a black and white set, pure white films too white, whereas light green actually films white. Did they not think to repaint it? Or did they actually like the look? I’ll be interested to see next time we see it in a story, if they kept the colour or went back to white.

Tinkering with the console results in the Doctor,  TARDIS console and Bessie being catapulted into a parallel universe.

I think that this is the point where I should make what is maybe an overdue digression. Please stick with me because it will eventually make some sense. Now, I am not any kind of member of serious fandom, so my comments must be seen in this light, and if you so wish, summarily dismissed. But one thing I have noticed about fandom, really serious fandom, is that it can sometimes get a bit tribal. It can work like this - we belong to the Tribe of Who. This means that we may not sympathise with the Tribe of Trek. In fact we must seek to scorn the false idol whom the Tribe of Trek worship. Or, to put it more simply, if you’re a ‘proper’ fan of Doctor Who, you cannot also have a sneaking liking for the original series of Star Trek. One of the biggest, most serious, Defcon 4 criticisms that I ever hear or read fans of Doctor Who make of a specific story is that ‘it’s the sort of thing they do on an average Star Trek Episode’.

Now, if you like “Doctor Who”, and may I respectfully suggest that you are maybe reading the wrong book if you don’t, it is perfectly possible that you don’t like “Star Trek”, and there are quite a number of reasons why this might be. I have no wish to condemn anyone for that - it is your opinion and you’re entitled to it. All I want to do is to say that there is no law written on tablets of stone that says If thou be of the Tribe of Who, then on no account shalt thou ever cast a glance towards the altar of the Tribe of Trek. Or to put it another way, if you don’t like “Star Trek” then that’s fine –Heaven alone knows that it had its faults, and I’m sure that there are valid reasons to dislike it Disliking it because you like “Doctor Who” is not one of them, though.

I do think that it does not do “Doctor Who” any harm to compare it to the original series of “Star Trek” and there are some obvious points of comparison to draw. If we look at the obvious similarities first: -
* Both of them are children of the 60s. “Doctor Who” debuted in November 1963, while the first season of “Star Trek” began in 1966.
* Curiously, both of them had a less than successful filmed pilot, and had a second pilot made. In the case of “Doctor Who” the original pilot was similar in story line to the transmitted first story. In the case of “Star Trek” the whole crew, with the exception of Mr. Spock, was replaced, and a completely new pilot filmed. The original pilot “The Cage” was cleverly (in my opinion) cannibalized to be used in the 2 parter, “The Menagerie”.
* Both of them are seen as fitting within the genre of Science Fiction television, and both are drama series aimed at the whole family.
* Both of them inspired large and very loyal fan followings
* Both of them were reprieved from cancellation due to very vocal protestations from said fan bases.
* Both of them were cancelled within a few years of being reprieved

Of course there are differences you can point out: -
*Classic Doctor Who follows a serial form. There was only ever one ‘stand alone’ episode- which actually didn’t really stand alone at all, since it formed a teaser/trailer for the 12 part story which followed later in the same season. The original “Star Trek” was essentially episodic and picaresque (as opposed to Picardesque). The episodes did not run into each other, with the exception of the special case “The Menagerie”.
* Classic Doctor Who, at its best, celebrates the individual, non-conformity, and at least a distrust of authority and the establishment. “Star Trek” is essentially militaristic. It celebrates conformity to the Federation ideal, and the Enterprise only functions because the crew are willing to obey orders, even though this usually results in the death of several unnamed crew members in each episode. The Enterprise’s mission is supposedly a peaceful one, but it is still one of the big sticks that gives the Federation the option of speaking softly.

* Classic Doctor Who never had just one parent. The answer to the question, “Who created Doctor Who?” is not an easy one to give. Maybe the idea began with Sydney Newman, but a number of other key people all contributed to what eventually made the screen the day after Kennedy’s assassination. Many people worked on bringing the vision of “Star Trek” to the screen as well, but that vision essentially belonged to one man – Gene Roddenberry. This probably meant that there was a much tighter ‘party line’to which writers had to adhere when preparing scripts - Roddenberry, as is common with US drama series with continuing characters, prepared a ‘bible’ to guide writers as to what was ‘Star Trek’ and what wasn’t. This may be responsible for the observation that “Star Trek” was far more formulaic than “Doctor Who” A formulaic show is great as long as you like the formula that is being applied. It’s worth noting that some of the less appreciated and most criticized “Star Trek” episodes are those which do make some attempt to step outside the traditional formula.

* Classic Doctor Who cannot be easily pigeonholed within any specific genre, either within Science Fiction or outside. Just when you think that you know what the show is all about, something comes along which blows that idea out of the water. “Star Trek” on the other hand was actually conceived as a ‘western’, transposed to a space milieu – Gene Roddenberry actively touted the idea as being a “Wagon Train to the stars”.

* Classic Doctor Who celebrates bravery, but also intelligence, intellect, and yes, cunning at times. The Doctor rarely if ever triumphs through his physical prowess. For all that Star Trek has the crew of the Enterprise trumpeting their peace keeping agenda, the fact is that members of the crew, especially their leader, Captain Kirk, often end up brawling with fists or hand weapons. If you’re familiar with the show, that piece of music they always use when Kirk is fighting is probably going through your head right now as you read this. Even Mr. Spock, emotionless, super intelligent Mr. Spock, happens to be the best fighter among the whole crew, disabling opponents with the famed Vulcan neck pinch.

Right, it’s time for a little sacrilege. I ask the heretical question – did Star Trek at any time influence the writers of Doctor Who? Put those stones down now, and hear me out. If – and it is an if – if they did, when would that influence most likely have been seen? Why, right at the end of the 60s and the very beginning of the 70s, when it was first seen on the BBC. Right about the time when Jon Pertwee was taking over the role. Right about the time when Doctor Who became more militaristic and more conformist than ever before. (Alright, even the Third Doctor is not really a member of the establishment, but he’s a lot closer to being one than his predecessors or his successors.)  Right about the time when we had a Doctor who could seriously look after himself in a fight. But then maybe this is a coincidence.

It isn’t easy to prove or disprove that “Star Trek” influenced the people who made classic Doctor Who, or vice versa. There were certainly times when both series covered rather similar ground, or certainly wanted to. I remember reading an interview with Dennis Spooner, the show’s second script editor, who said that he would have loved to have done a story with the Doctor meeting ‘God’, and it turning out not to be God, of course, but a being with incredible powers – and he drew a comparison with the “Who Mourns For Adonis” Star Trek story – the one where the Enterprise is suddenly stopped in space by a giant hand. That was actually one of my favourite Star Trek stories – although the lukewarm rehash of this in the fifth Star Trek movie – “The Final Frontier” was most definitely not to my liking.

All of which digression is a very long winded way of bringing the subject around to “Mirror, Mirror”. This Star Trek story, from the second season, was written by Jerome Bixby, and was first shown in 1968 in the US – I don’t know for certain when it was first shown in the UK. Now, I’m guessing that only the late Don Houghton could have answered if he was at all influenced by “Mirror, Mirror” when he wrote “Inferno”, but there are similarities. You see what you think. In a nutshell, a shore party, comprising of Kirk, McCoy, Uhura and Scotty beam back to the Enterprise during an ion storm. This has the effect of diverting them into a parallel universe. The Enterprise to which they are transported is not the same one as they left. Now it is the pride of the fleet of the Terran Empire, and it is a ship where efficiency and discipline are achieved through a barbaric level of cruelty. The quickest way to achieve promotion is through the assassination of a superior. Far worse than that – Spock has a beard.

The way that “Inferno” deals with this Science Fiction trope of a parallel universe does actually show us quite a bit about what makes the two shows similar and different. As with “Mirror, Mirror”, the parallel world although superficially similar to our own, is noticeably worse. Now, while the parallel world in “Mirror, Mirror” is cruel and barbaric, it uses the idea of an evil empire. In “Inferno” the world into which the Doctor arrives is noticeably totalitarian. In case we don’t get the point there is a poster clearly modeled on Big Brother from Orwell’s “1984” on the wall of the hut. The other external trappings though are specifically Nazi, right down to the Brigadier’s counterpart having a dueling scar, and just the hint of a slight German accent. Now, there’s probably a good reason for all this. The experiences undergone by the people of Britain during both world wars changed Britain more than it had ever been changed before – that’s a stunningly obvious thing to say. Rightly or wrongly in Britain the simplistic view that Germany was to blame for both wars certainly was a generally held one for most of the second half of the 20th century. Hitler, Nazism and all that went with them were and are a very convenient symbol for why all that fighting, suffering, and sacrifice was necessary. The fact is that in 1940, Britain could have been invaded by Nazi led German forces, and the Invasion could have been successful. So therefore the abhorrence of the idea Britain under Nazi rule has a grounding almost in fact – it could have happened.

Which is not the same for the people of America. The chances that Germany under the Nazis could ever have successfully invaded the USA are extremely remote. Add to that the fact that it was never Nazi atrocities that dragged the USA into World War II, but the Japanese atrocity of the attack on Pearl Harbour prior to a declaration of War. Therefore while Star Trek did occasionally use the trappings of totalitarianism and even Nazism in depicting a wrong for Kirk and co to right, it never represented the nightmare scenario that it did in the UK. In “Doctor Who”, an echo of Nazism is simple shorthand for an abhorrent society or civilization. The Daleks are Nazis. The Cybermen are Nazis. The War Lord and his crew are Nazis. In “Genesis of the Daleks” Davros’ cronies even seem to be wearing SS uniforms to make sure that we get the point. And in “Inferno” the point is that without actually telling us that it’s what we are seeing, the story is showing us the nightmare situation of Britain as it might have been had the Nazis successfully invaded.

And this is where it starts to get a little worrying if you start to analyse it. For, apart from the uniforms, and the constant threats, (I vill hev you shot, Doktor), the fact is that the parallel world isn’t all that different from the real one. They are essentially carrying out the same project. In fact, they seem to be carrying out rather more efficiently than world 1, since it’s several hours ahead – which is actually very important to the story. Yes, Liz Shaw is not a Scientist in this world, but she is actually a Section Leader. So this is a world where there’s certainly more equality and opportunity for women in the armed forces – you won’t see any women in the UNIT hierarchy in the classic series. Even with the threats too, well, haven’t they got a right to get angry about a complete stranger who has penetrated this top secret research establishment and seems to know many of its secrets? After all, we’d never get upset about that in this world, would we? Alright, I am putting this point slightly tongue in cheek – but only slightly. We’ll never know for certain whether this was a deliberate level of ambiguity on Don Houghton’s part, but the fact that you can choose to see it his way does add a little more depth to the story.

Not that it’s lacking in action. There’s enough toing and froing with Primords in both worlds in the last 2 episodes to keep anyone going – maybe a little too much even . Still, you remember that I did say that the parallel world being a crucial few hours ahead in the drilling was a plot point? Well, it means that the Doctor is able to get back to the real world in order to stop the drilling with 35 seconds to spare. Not 00&?  Well, that would have been going too far.

I wasn’t sure about this story at first, but I’m quite happy now that it deserves the high reputation it has earned over the years. In the end I had to just give in. I think it’s probably because all of the cast were taking it so seriously, that I couldn’t help giving in to it.

What Have We Learned?

The Doctor’s normal pulse rate is 170 beats per minute

In a parallel universe, it seems that there would be no counterpart of the Doctor, so he really is unique. 

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